During this operation some 850 men of the reinforced SS-Fallschirmjäger-Bataillon 500 were dropped from 40 Junkers Ju 52 of II./TG 4, or landed with 33 DFS 230 gliders near … This column launched its assault from the Jajce area, and had the task of reaching Mliništa (20 km south of Ključ). -27 June 1942: Unternehmen Rösselsprung. The assault also included tasks to capture or destroy the Allied military missions to the Partisans. Both Allied missions moved their locations as a result. They split into two groups, a smaller group which crossed the Unac and advanced west along the railway line on the ridge leading toward Tito's cave, and a larger group which collected arms and ammunition from several stray canisters of German equipment dropped by parachute. The 92nd Motorised Regiment with all subordinated units was ordered to return north and attack the brigades of the 4th Krajina Division on Mount Grmeč, to secure the main supply road from Bihać to Bosanski Petrovac; this action, codenamed "Grmeč", was scheduled to start on the morning of 27 May. [34], The plan for the ground forces of von Leyser's XV Mountain Corps was for nine separate but coordinated thrusts toward the Drvar–Bosanski Petrovac area from all directions. Convoy PQ 17, which left Iceland on 27 June and the German fleet departed, in what was called “Operation Knight’s Move”. [32] At Potoci, they were met by the staff of the Allied military missions. [97], Although Tito's headquarters, along with several other Partisan organisations, was temporarily disrupted and key staff were lost during the operation, all Partisan organisations were quickly relocated and resumed operation. [52] The Partisans defended the territory they controlled with significant demolition and mining of roads. An Axis puppet state known as the Independent State of Croatia (Serbo-Croatian: Nezavisna Država Hrvatska, NDH) was established on the territory of modern-day Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, controlled by the fascist and ultra-nationalist Ustaše. [24], Following intelligence collection, higher level planning for the operation began on 6 May 1944, after von Weichs had issued his initial orders. During this trek, one of the members of the Soviet mission was wounded by shellfire. [102] According to a Partisan source, their total losses were 399 killed, 479 wounded, and at least 85 missing. On 28 May, he sent a message to Korneev detailing his suspicions. Owing to adverse weather conditions and the abundance of ice floes, the vessels taking part in Operation Wunderland did not venture beyond the Vilkitsky Strait. DFS 230 C, Luftwaffe, Operation Vassieux-V, France, July 1944 3. Vom 18. bis 26. By the end of 27 May, the front line had stabilised to the north and south of Ribnik. The British mission was headed by Brigadier Fitzroy Maclean, who was in London at the time of the raid, and included Major Randolph Churchill, son of Winston Churchill. During the retreat, this column was attacked by two more battalions of the 3rd Krajina Brigade and was pushed back to its start line at Livno with heavy losses. [6], Wunderland explained: Comprehensive historical account, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Wunderland&oldid=960061056, Naval battles of World War II involving Germany, Naval battles of World War II involving the Soviet Union, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from October 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 31 May 2020, at 22:58. L’URSS a aussi lancé beaucoup de coups de main, mais qui ont été oubliés et ne sont donc que marginaux dans cette liste.. Objectifs des opérations Der Text ist unter der Lizenz „Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike“ verfügbar; Informationen zu den Urhebern und zum Lizenzstatus eingebundener Mediendateien (etwa Bilder oder Videos) können im Regelfall durch Anklicken dieser abgerufen werden. At 22:25, Aldrian ordered him to resume the attack, but Willam reported that this was impossible due to loss of contact with his own units. [93], After six days evading the Germans, the leader of the Soviet mission, Lieutenant General Nikolai Vasilevich Korneev, who had lost a leg in the Battle of Stalingrad, suggested an air evacuation of Tito and the Soviet mission and this was expanded by Street to include the whole party. About 09:00, the Germans had largely secured Drvar, and the available troops went from house to house, armed with photographs of Tito, brutally questioning the civilians they could find. The operation was launched on 25 May 1944, and was aimed at capturing or killing the Partisan leader Marshal Josip Broz Tito and destroying the headquarters, support facilities and co-located Allied military missions. Juni 1944 gegen die Jugoslawische Volksbefreiungsarmee . [32][56][57][58], At 05:00 on 25 May, Kampfgruppe Willam commenced its attack from Srb in an easterly direction, aiming to cover the 20 km (12 mi) to Drvar as quickly as possible. The British mission signals officer had brought the only surviving radio. Other factors included the German intelligence agencies refusing to share the limited information available on Tito's exact location, and the lack of contingency planning by the commander of the German airborne force. Being fully motorised, it used its mobility to outmanoeuvre the Partisans, bypassing their main defensive positions to the west, the Cossack pioneers playing an important role in keeping the column moving. Admiral Scheer then turned northeast and sped towards the Nordenskiöld Archipelago. PQ 17 was the code name for an Allied Arctic convoy during the Second World War.On 27 June 1942, the ships sailed from Hvalfjord, Iceland, for the port of Arkhangelsk in the Soviet Union.The convoy was located by German forces on 1 July, after which it was shadowed continuously and attacked. [26], Through Ultra intercepts of German signal traffic, the British had become aware that the Germans were planning an operation codenamed "Rösselsprung" but the information available did not include where the operation would occur or what its objectives might be. By mid-September it had to be stopped because of the freezing of the sea surface with thick pack-ice, especially in the Kara Sea, which not being affected by the warmer Atlantic currents freezes much earlier. Wegen einer möglichen Bedrohung durch schwere deutsche Kriegsschiffe, die im Rahmen des Unternehmens Rösselsprung ausgelaufen waren, wurde das Geleit aufgelöst und erlitt in der Folge … [98] The operation was a failure,[94] as Tito, his principal headquarters staff and the Allied military personnel escaped, despite their presence in Drvar at the time of the airborne assault. Fighting continued late into 3 June 1944 and resulted in the reinforcement of the island by a further 1,900 German troops. The party split up and following a creek leading away from the Unac, the small groups climbed the heights to the east and withdrew toward the village of Potoci. [94][95] Late on 6 June, Tito was delivered by the Royal Navy escort destroyer HMS Blackmore to Vis, where he re-established his headquarters and was joined by the Allied missions. [24], While Rybka was assembling his troops for this attack, surrounding Partisan forces were rushed toward Drvar. [18] Skorzeny soon discovered that the plan to eliminate Tito had been compromised, and had nothing further to do with the operation. Möglicherweise unterliegen die Inhalte jeweils zusätzlichen Bedingungen. Durch die Nutzung dieser Website erklären Sie sich … [86], On 26 May, due to the rapidly changing situation and communications difficulties, a degree of confusion emerged on both sides. During the night, the 3rd Lika Proletarian Brigade attacked the cemetery, with the 1st Battalion of the 3rd Brigade of the 9th Dalmatian Division reinforcing the assault. [90], Tito, his staff and his escort continued toward Kupres, travelling on foot and horseback, as well as on the wagons of a narrow-gauge logging railway. [88] The 9th Dalmatian Division managed to repulse all attacks on 27 May, pushing the Brandenburgers and Chetniks back to Bosansko Grahovo. "[5], Tito's personal headquarters was initially located in a cave below a ridgeline about 1 kilometre (0.6 mi) north of the centre of Drvar. Since it was unable to find any Soviet ships, Admiral Scheer headed southeast towards Dikson Island in order to attack its military installations. [54] The second German tactical innovation was the employment of five reconnaissance battalions for independent operations deep inside Partisan-controlled territory. [32] The western column of the 92nd Motorised Regiment Kampfgruppe was ordered to help assist the eastern column by detaching a reinforced panzer company from Vrtoče. [11], In the wider area of operations were the Partisan 5th Corps commanded by Slavko Rodić and the 8th Corps commanded by Vlado Ćetković. [44], Panther Group supported by Red Group overcame minimal resistance at the cemetery and Rybka established his headquarters behind the cemetery walls, but there was no sign of Tito or his headquarters. [48] There was a platform at the mouth of the cave, and they climbed down a rope through a trapdoor in the platform, although the panic displayed by Tito's mistress Davorjanka Paunović (codenamed "Zdenka") and his dog Tigar caused some delays. Befehle für Unternehmen "Rösselsprung", 25 Mai - 6 Jun 1944, оригинални немачки документи, Национална архива … The occupants of the glider that landed in Bastasi were immediately killed by members of the Tito Escort Battalion guarding the cave, and the occupants of the gliders at Vrtoče had to fight their way toward Drvar. The operation failed due to several factors, including Partisan resistance in the town itself and along the approaches to Drvar. Operation Rösselsprung was a coup de main operation, involving direct action by a combined parachute and glider-borne assault by the 500th SS Parachute Battalion and a planned subsequent link-up with ground forces of the XV Mountain Corps converging on Drvar. A konvoj kíséretének fő erejét a Duke of York és az amerikai Washington csatahajók, a … It moved swiftly southwest from its start point near Banja Luka, and had reached Čađavica (at a crossroads halfway between Mrkonjić Grad and Ključ) by the evening of 25 May, brushing off the 16th Krajina Brigade of the 39th Krajina Division deployed on the right flank of its axis of advance. At 03:30 on 26 May, the final Partisan attack was launched against the cemetery, breaching the walls in several places, but the paratroopers held on. [32], The 2nd Panzer Army was monitoring the operation closely. The detachment was formed on the night of 25/26 May from the 11th Company of the 13th SS Regiment, several pioneers, and a group of specially trained personnel from the Brandenburg Division. The Partisans suffered losses of 67 dead, 308 wounded and 14 missing, and Allied units suffered 60 dead, 74 wounded and 20 missing,[92] with the commanding officer, Lieutenant Colonel Jack Churchill, being captured by the Germans. [6][7] At the time of Operation Rösselsprung (German: Unternehmen Rösselsprung), the British mission was led by its second-in-command, Lieutenant Colonel Vivian Street. Cette liste des opérations lors de la Seconde Guerre mondiale recense les opérations militaires, coups de main, raids, attaques militaires, soudaines ou non, des belligérants (classement par ordre alphabétique). [101] The same report claimed that 6,000 Partisans were killed. [25], Despite the intelligence received and observations made by the British, the Partisans appear to have been quite complacent about the threat; Tito's chief of staff, Arso Jovanović, swore that "a German attack was impossible". Roadblocks were manned by patrols and smaller detachments, whose task was to hold off the enemy until reinforcements arrived. Rendulic ordered the commander of the 7th SS Division to immediately form a special company-strong detachment, with a mission to infiltrate behind the Partisan lines to kill Tito and destroy the Partisan Supreme Command.